Jaws Essay

Section 1 Introduction: What is the movie called: Jaws Who guided it: Steven Speilbeig What is it about: It is about a shark assault Where is it, when is it set: Amity Island New England, fourth July Why is it set fourth July: It is determined to the fourth of July on the grounds that on that date most Americans accumulate around and invest energy with their famlies and go out to the sea shore will close then families can’t go to the sea shore. Passage 2 Music: Describe how the shark is associated with the music in the title grouping: You can nearly picture the dangerous shark coming consistently nearer as you hear the drum pulsating out of sight getting quicker and quicker, stronger and stronger thumping like a consistently increasing pulse; prepared to assault his prey. Give two different instances of how the music or quietness is utilized to terrify the crowd or manufacture strain: When the noisy music plays it get energizing, however before the music start to being quick and uproarious its low creation it not as energizing yet pressure building, so the pressure and excitment is acceptable, and as it develops get quicker and quicker the crowd realizes that something will happen gives it a dramtic impact. Section 3 Camera strategies: Describe the subsequent assault in detail and state how the camera was utilized to help develop strain and alarm the audience:The second assault is the point at which all the kids are playing on the ocean while there guardians watch, sunbathing, on the sea shore and Brody is carrying out his responsibility passed on searching for anything dubious in light of the past assault. The shark at that point assaults the little fellow. The camera edges develop strain since it goes underneath the water and causes it to appear it’s from the sharks’ perspective and when it was assaulting it went from a separation so you could see all the people’s faces and exactly how precisely he was assaulted.

Essay on Turn up

Article on Turn up Article on Turn up At the point when I turn up I do it for the group! Now and again I need to do it for myself, however diagnostically that may not be conceivable. The delight stirred from my group is sufficient to make me a glad camper. Outdoors is entirely fun too I should state. Turning up is fun as well. Anybody at any point attempted Bacardi dark razz? That is my chance up sauce for when I turn up. Denmark was seen as the most joyful nation in 2012, yet The Melancholy Dane never got the reminder. Try not to let poor Hamlet spend another virus winter sulking, nestling disintegrating skulls, and rambling discourses without anyone else. All you have to perk him up is a printer,cardstock, some scissors and tape!Cheer Up, Hamlet! is a paperdoll accessible for nothing, for geeks and nerds and Shakespeare fans the same. A few truisms strike a chord as I bring some relief and self-sedate with a glass of Cabernet. One is the oft-rehashed truth that â€Å"life is change†. You don’t need to live long to know reality of that one. One day you’re a joyful undergrad stressed distinctly over where the end of the week gathering will be, and the following day you’re worrying over creation the home loan installment and having that meeting with your child’s educator, since he was battling another youngster on the play area. At that point in the long run there comes the day where those recollections will be esteemed, as those youngsters go out all alone and you understand you’re not required close to as much by them. As you manage the unfilled home they’ve left behind, you start to sink into the senior years. At that point

Dulles, Allen Welsh

Dulles, Allen Welsh Dulles, Allen Welsh dul ´?s [key], 1893â€"1969, U.S. public official, b. Watertown, N.Y.; brother of John Foster Dulles . The Dulles brothers, born into America's political establishment, became extremely influential governmental figures, and during the cold war they played principal roles in the developing and implementing United States' interventionist foreign policy. Allen entered the diplomatic service in 1916 and became (1922) chief of the State Deptartment's division of Near Eastern affairs. In 1926 he resigned to practice law. During World War II he was a prominent member of the Office of Strategic Services . Returning (1951) to government service as deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency , Dulles became director in 1953. Under his leadership, the CIA was strengthened and made a more effective element in the U.S. intelligence system. Dulles resigned in 1961 after a series of events (most notably the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba) in which the CIA played a co ntroversial role and aroused much criticism. His works include Germany's Underground (1947), The Craft of Intelligence (1963), and Secret Surrender (1966). See biography by P. Grose (1994); S. Kinzer, The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War (2013). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Dulles, Allen Welsh

Dulles, Allen Welsh Dulles, Allen Welsh dul ´?s [key], 1893â€"1969, U.S. public official, b. Watertown, N.Y.; brother of John Foster Dulles . The Dulles brothers, born into America's political establishment, became extremely influential governmental figures, and during the cold war they played principal roles in the developing and implementing United States' interventionist foreign policy. Allen entered the diplomatic service in 1916 and became (1922) chief of the State Deptartment's division of Near Eastern affairs. In 1926 he resigned to practice law. During World War II he was a prominent member of the Office of Strategic Services . Returning (1951) to government service as deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency , Dulles became director in 1953. Under his leadership, the CIA was strengthened and made a more effective element in the U.S. intelligence system. Dulles resigned in 1961 after a series of events (most notably the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba) in which the CIA played a co ntroversial role and aroused much criticism. His works include Germany's Underground (1947), The Craft of Intelligence (1963), and Secret Surrender (1966). See biography by P. Grose (1994); S. Kinzer, The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War (2013). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

How to Find Funeral Home Records

Funeral home records can be a valuable, but often underutilized, resource for family historians and other researchers trying to identify a date of death, or the names of relatives, for a particular individual. This is especially true in localities where funeral home records may pre-date state or local laws requiring the recording of deaths. While funeral homes are generally private businesses, their records can still often be accessed for family history research, if you know where to look and who to ask. What Can I Expect to Find in Funeral Home Records? Funeral home records vary greatly by location and time period, but typically contain basic information about where a person died, names of surviving relatives, the dates of birth and death, and the place of burial. More recent funeral home records may include more in-depth information, such as details on parentage, occupation, military service, organizational memberships, the clergymans name and church, and even the name of the deceaseds insurance company. How to Locate the Funeral Home To determine the undertaker or funeral home who handled the arrangements for your ancestor or other deceased individual, search out a copy of the death certificate, obituary notice or funeral card to see if the undertaker or funeral home is listed. The cemetery where your ancestor is buried may also have a record of the funeral home which handled the arrangements. City or business directories from the time period may be of assistance in learning which funeral homes were in business in the area. If that fails, the local library or genealogical society may be able to help you identify likely funeral homes. Once you locate a name and city, you can get the actual address of the funeral home through the American Blue Book of Funeral Directors, or through the phone book. How to Get Information from a Funeral Home Many funeral homes are small, family-owned businesses with few people on staff and little time to handle genealogy requests. They are also privately-owned businesses and are under no obligation to provide any information. The best way to approach a funeral home with a genealogy or other non-urgent request is to write a polite letter with as many details as you can provide and the specific information for which you are searching. Offer to pay for any time or copying expenses that are incurred, and enclose a SASE for their reply. This allows them to handle your request when they have the time, and increases the chances of receiving a response - even if the answer is no. What if the Funeral Home Is Out of Business? If the funeral home is no longer in business, dont despair. Most defunct funeral homes were actually taken over by other funeral homes who will often keep the older records. Funeral home records can also be found in library, historical society, or other archival collections and, increasingly, online (do a search for funeral home plus the [name of the locality] in which you are searching). Was a Funeral Home Even Used? Funeral records in the United States generally date back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The practice of embalming was not very prevalent prior to the Civil War and the death of President Abraham Lincoln.  Most funerals prior to that time (and even more recently in more rural areas) generally took place at the decedent’s home or a local church, with burial taking place within one to two days of death. The local undertaker was often a cabinet or furniture maker, with a side business making caskets. If no funeral home was operating in the locality at the time, it is still possible that business records of the local undertaker may be found preserved as a manuscript collection at a state library or local historical society. Some records of a funeral can also often be gleaned from probate records, which may include receipts for funeral expenses such as the casket and digging of the grave.

Csr And Organizational Leadership And The Implications For...

Whether it is industry to industry, business to business or person to person, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) means many different things to different people (Campbell, J. L., 2007). The literature is full of a wide range of definitions and interpretations of what CSR actually is and how and why it is increasingly being seen as a key part of organisational strategy. This paper will critically analyse and discuss some of the key debates around CSR and will demonstrate the linkages that exist between CSR and organisational leadership and the implications for leadership when considering the social responsibilities of an organisation. This discussion will also look at the implications of CSR for the local government sector, a sector that can be said exits for the purpose of improving the life of its citizens. This discussion will begin with one of the earliest and most quoted critiques of CSR by Milton Friedman (1970). Friedman’s view was that an employee has a responsibility to conduct the business according to the owner’s desire, which is generally to make as much money as possible, while conforming to the basic rules of society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom (Friedman, M., 1970). Friedman goes on to state that if a person has responsibilities to his family, his city, his church etc. then these are the social responsibilities of individuals, not business (Friedman, M., 1970). According to Friedman, nothing that takes the focus away fromShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership And Transformational Leaders1345 Words   |  6 Pagesadoption of the innovation and transformational leadership?† The purpose of the current study is to conduct a rapid assessment of the innovation literature to explore the extent to which transformational leadership influences diffusion and adoption of innovation and to provide several topics for future research. 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Despite the applications of social responsibility in the company’s daily activities, it faced difficulties in receiving recognition for its actions because of wrong actions that the company had made in regard of active communication with its stakeholders, difficulty in defining organizational understandingRead MoreTo what Extent is Corpora te Social Responsibility Beneficial to a Company’s Performance?1078 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Responsibility (CSR) plan. As stated by European Commission (2001), CSR is defined as â€Å"a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.† It is believed that the motives for CSR are gradually converting from philanthropic rationale to performance-driven orientation, but the question of better company performance resulting from the implementation of CSR has often been the centreRead MoreLeveraging Human Potential : Gm 500 : Management Theories And Practices1288 Words   |  6 Pagesworkplace where such issues exist, there are cases of equal pay, equal opportunities and several other kinds. Harassment cases are common, and women are claimed to be employed only to maintain the sex ratio in the company and showcase as it is their CSR to provide employ ment. In the work culture like discussed in the case, women stop being true to themselves, and instead try to convince the team members that they are interested in boy?s stuff to void the prejudice that their job roles are defined forRead MoreCulture And Leadership : The Mutually Intrinsic Relationship2735 Words   |  11 PagesCulture and Leadership: The Mutually Intrinsic Relationship Heather M. Rambo University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee Abstract This article seeks to understand the two-way, intrinsic relationship held between culture and leadership. Topics include three types of culture which may have a mediating effect on the practice of leadership; regional culture, business sector culture, and organizational culture. Organizational culture is then examined in the context of culture’s effect on leadership, and leadership’sRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Business Ethics Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pages most social responsibility is directed towards corporations. 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The other outdated theory, is Theory X, which is a moreRead MoreBusiness Ethics Annotated Bibliography2636 Words   |  11 Pagesethics and organizational architecture. Journal of Banking and Finance, 26 (9), 1821-1835. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00193-0 This journal implies that there is potential for a balance between economics and business ethics in several instances. One instance is found in the presumptions of how organizational members make decisions and from what ethical foundation they are considered? In addition, the importance of the union between business ethics and organizational structure

Should Marijuana Be Legal - 985 Words

The amount of cannabis commonly usefulness for medicinal intend is not believed to cause any permanent cognitive damage in adults, though thirst-term entertainment in adolescents should be balance carefully as they are more impressible to these impairments. Opponents of medical marijuana debate that it is too hazardous to use, lacks FDA-imprimatur, and that several legitimate pharmaceutical mate marijuana habit unnecessary. They are also running a phase 2 ponder of no-psychotropic cannabidivarin. Approved Conditions: Cancer, glaucoma, dogmatic state for HIV/AIDS, or entertainment for these station; A medical station or manipulation for a physical condition that produces cachexia, censorious grieve, severe seasickness, seizures, including seizures purpose by epilepsy, or permanent thew spasms, end spasms motive by manifold induration. Other circumstances are exposed to approval by the Health Division of the Oregon Department of Human Resources. Cannabis, assemble mà ¡ é º » (import hashish; cannabis; numbness) or dà  mà ¡ Ã¥ ¤ §Ã© º » (with big; great) in Chinese, was used in Taiwan for fiber starting throughout 10,000 donkey’s back. Cannabis is one of the 50 ground herbs in traditional Chinese physic. CBD is a cannabinoid that does not affect the intent or conduct. Pairs of phase 3 trials for Dravet concurrence and Lennox-Gastaut concurrence have begun and should be completed in 2015. The adult reasons for the lack of clinical inquiry have been the preface of recent synthetic andShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. 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With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. 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Health Literacy and Promotion

Question: Discuss about the Health Literacy and Promotion by Social Cognitive Means. Answer: Introduction Nurses in Australia are known for playing a crucial role in enhancing the provision of health information to patients who come and seek medical attention in hospitals. They determine and influence the health literacy demands through education promotion strategies. They ensure the organization, presentation, and communication of information. This will help in improving the health requirements in the health sector through the establishment of an effective interpersonal communication. Strategies encompassing various activities have been devised as a request from the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. This paper aims to discuss the health education plan such as Ask-me-3 intended to improve patients health literacy. It also uses the concept of health literacy as its scope by delving succinctly on an overview of the primary literature about the meaning and comprehension of health literacy as a concept. In the same manner, it also gives the analysis of how health education can empowe r the patient their knowledge as well as understanding and engagement with the health care system. Evidently, it is important to carry out an evaluation of the strengths and limitations of health education as it relates to health promotion (Hironaka, Paasche-Orlow, 2008). Finally, the discussion of the intervention and its implementation is important for reinforcing health literacy programs in Australia. Health Literacy Health literacy constitutes to the peoples ability to obtain, process, as well as comprehend the basic health services and information that are needed in the making of appropriate decisions. Alternatively, health literacy stands for the social and cognitive skills which are responsible for determining both the capability and motivation to understand, gain access to, and utilize the relevant information in a manner in which it enhances the promotion and maintenance of good health (Bennett, Chen, Soroui, White, 2009). More precisely, health literacy means something more than just reading pamphlets and successes in making appointments. In fact, it is critical to the empowerment process by fostering the improvement of individuals access to information related to their health and the capacity to employ its use in an efficient way. Various factors influence peoples level of health literacy. Primarily, the first factor is the level of education of a person or the general literacy skills or experience. Less education is associated with lower health literacy because those endowed with the lowest level of education may not have been at any time in their lives exposed to similar medical terminologies as well as scientific concepts compared to those individuals with a higher education level. In a way, the physicians can play a critical role in bridging the gap that exists between the patients from different regions through the active process of identifying health consumers with a lower level of literacy. In addition, demographic culture is one of the factors that influence an individual's level of literacy. This is because people have differing cultural norms that make them have an uncomfortable feeling to the extent of not being sure on how to communicate effectively with a physician since their communication skills may be unreliable. Lastly, age is also a factor that influences a persons level of health literacy since the capability to read and write reduces with aging. The improvement of health literacy results in the proper utilization of preventative resources since both patients and physicians would have an easy time in the treatment process. The importance of improving health literacy among patients is that everything would appear to be patient-centered through the influential mechanics of patients comprehension and internalization of the physicians instructions on medication that has the potential of impacting on the management of chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or asthma (Olsson et al., 2013). As such, improving the literacy in the health care facilities helps in enhancing confidence among patients and clinicians (Olsson et al., 2013). With the improvement of health literacy in Australia, the accumulated problems due to health illiteracy would be minimized since patients will be equipped with relevant information to address issues that affect their overall health. Health Education Health education plays a critical role in empowering patients to improve their knowledge, understanding, and engagement with the health care systems. It assists patients by enabling them to make more informed decisions to better their health outcomes. This is by allowing the patients to possess and exploit their sense of individual control over their health as well as lives. It is common to see people with a lower health literacy getting lost in health care systems that are complicated and filled with complex forms, insurance premiums, and medical jargon among others such as multiple health care providers (Berkman et al., 2011). However, health education comes in to empower individuals to advance their knowledge through the creation of an enabling environment that reveals fruitful results upon its implementation. For example, when patients are exposed to health education they are empowered to cope with the health care systems and show signs of improvement in their health. This reveal s the importance of health education since educated patients would know what to do next to get medical attention in a more efficient manner. In brief, health education delves in bolstering the operational efficacy of hospital practices (Gephart et al., 2013). In essence, the empowering process helps in a way that it increases the comprehension of the condition and the provision of consent by requiring the patients to employ the use of the key components of health literacy such as writing and reading. In this way, patients are empowered by health education to improve their knowledge, understanding, and engagement with the health care system. It is evidenced that health education has a positive impact on the individuals' capacity to modify their own health behaviors and risk factors. Changes that occur as a result of fostering the education of the patients about their overall hygiene have the ability to change much faster than the anticipated dependence primarily on the age of a person who is undergoing the health education process (Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok, 1998). Health education has an impact in making the people keep off from the behaviors that lead to ill health. In enhancing the initiative of modifying individuals' health behaviors and risk factors, health education has an impact on enlightening people to move towards the adoption of life skills by encouraging the increment of consciousness about the factors that are influential to health (Feinstein et al., 2006). The impact is evidenced when people start to make informed decisions through the fostered outputs of empowerment brought about by health education. Prima rily, the positive impact of education to the modification of their own behavior and risk factors is through the mediation of the relationship that exists between environmental as well as physical risk factors of health especially on its effect on the income of individuals. Health Promotion By definition, health promotion entails the process of enabling individuals to bolster control over towards the improvement of their health. Usually, it transpires beyond the apparent focus on a person's conduct towards the myriad of both social and environmental interventions (Bandura, 2004. There are several strengths of health education as it relates to health promotion. Through health education, it is simple to accept the problems of health faced by any person since the sensitization process makes individuals to get a bigger understanding of matters as they present themselves in front of them. Besides, health education adheres and follows completely available scientific proofs, and as a result helps in analyzing the practical life of human bodies and comparing them to animals. In fact, one of its strengths is that it is the conscious subject of the community because it plays a remarkable role in creating many communicative instructions that support good health. When people are ad vised on the instructions of a prescription as instilled in health education forums, they are enabled to increase control over their health (Pender, Murdaugh, Parsons, 2006). However, there is nothing that goes without imperfection. The limitation of health education is that an entirely acceptable learning system lacks in the world. As such, the state of the knowledge being passed to individuals may be substandard to the extent of not meeting recommended general requirements. In the process, it fosters the creation of a dilemma to people who may be interested to gain from the initiative. Naturally, this may be because people are confused on what to undertake to increase their level of health literacy (Paasche?Orlow et al., 2005). Mainly, health education is associated with the breaking of sacred trusts that have been the center of establishing peace and cohesiveness in the society. As such, it may change the prevailing beliefs of people towards a particular aspect of the disease an d enhance religious ignorance. In a similar way, health education has the limitation of breaking costume and tradition. The Intervention According to PCHC (The Partnership for Clear Health) that was responsible for the launching of the Ask-Me-3 program, activity, or strategy, health literacy refers to the reading, understanding, and the most appropriate usage of basic medical instructions as well as information (Schloman, 2004). More importantly, it is one of the strongest predictors of an individual's health. The Ask-Me-3 program assists in fostering the improvement of health literacy among individuals from different cultural backgrounds as it involves simple activities through clear communication. The testing of this strategy was done by the sixth largest hospital found in Chicago, and it was predicted to expand its application across many hospitals in the world. Even Australian Hospitals considered implementing this intervention in improving communication between the patients and clinicians, which in the long run works towards the quality delivery of health care services (Wynia Osborn, 2010). As such, the simple q uestions entailed in this program are actually based on three issues that medical consumers are required to ask their physicians. Originally, the questions were designed for patients who come and seek outpatient services. However, the application of these questions works well in any health care setting. The first question is "What is my biggest problem?" The second one is "What do I need to do?" The third question is "Why is it important for me to do this? (Schloman, 2004) Mainly, the implementation of the program was done through studies that enhanced High-risk Patients information as well as knowledge (Marben, n.d). As part of the application process, patients' curiosity for their individual diagnoses is implementable using the At-home caring plans. Evidently, the role of the nurse or midwife in the process is teaching the patients in a manner that promotes the validation of patients' accurate understanding about their most fundamental health care needs (Weiss, 2007). They are res ponsible for knowing what to do, and the reason behind why the plan is so important (Schloman, 2004). Theoretically, the Ask-me-3 intervention was based on a pilot project that was one of the best collaborative efforts that existed between eight organizations. Each one of them had a commitment to improving the quality of health care service delivery and the subsequent health outcomes affecting the Wisconsin citizens. The intervention started as a project that had three major goals, which is to enhance the increment of patient engagement in their individuals care. It was also to raise patient satisfaction and its incorporation with each health facility visit. The last goal was to foster the improvement of patient providers interaction as well as communication. Mainly, the Ask-me-3 referred to an educational program that was developed by the Partnership for Clear Health Communication and selected on the basis of the readily available materials as well as the initial research that had been conducted to bolster the satisfaction of patients with medical visits. Primarily, this interventio n was designed in a way that it encouraged health care consumers to be more engaged and interested in their own care through the initiative of both asking and understanding the answers that result from the three relevant queries at every visit. Ask-me-3 is one of the interventions that seem to work in fostering clear communication between the physicians and patients in a healthcare setting. It is one of the easiest interventions that can be used by nurses or midwives in Australia. This is because it has an impact on the rate of awareness among individuals with different professional and cultural backgrounds. This is because it makes them be aware of the matters that concern their general health in a way that is more open and free to engage in discussions. Being an intervention that has not received a widespread application, it affects the health literacy concerns of consumers in the healthcare sector through its noticeable one-on-one strategies. In such a way, this intervention can yield positive results for a given set of populations by the inclusion of increased realization of concepts among patients regarding their medical condition and presents the importance and the approach of how to enhance its management. This impac t can ensure that there is a reduction in the number of admissions to hospitals because patients will now be able to know how to manage chronic conditions without being nervous of what would happen next if they fail to see the doctor. As long as the initial communication between the physician and the patient using Ask-me-3 program is done, then there would be no reason to panic since one can easily manage chronic conditions as directed by initial clear communication (Hurley et al., 2009). In this way, an increase in the literacy levels would be reached. Almost all programs or interventions have barriers that stand to decrease their implementation in any project. For the Ask-me-3 intervention, its implementation is barred by low health literacy to a patient as well as service provider communication (Groene, Bolbar, Brotons, 2012). Besides this, both cultural and language barriers contribute substantially in complicating the encounters experienced with clinicians since a slight difference causes a lot of misunderstanding and even the corruption of an individual's beliefs and morals. Naturally, some people neither understand the common and official languages used in a hospital setting. As a result, physicians are subjected to difficult times trying to explain a medical issue to the patient through education him or her to use the ask-me-3 project. However, good organization in the health care facility plays a crucial role in facilitating the implementation of the Ask-me-3 intervention. This is because the more organized the hospital se tting is, the more the patients will take seriously the instructions of the three questions included in the programs package. The use of a common language within an area where this intervention is tested increases the efficacy of its implementation because people will understand issues more easily as opposed to where a language barrier exists. Finally, good conduct on the side of the patient as well as the clinician fosters the implementation of this intervention. Conclusion In a nutshell, the discussion of the Ask-me-3 program as a health promotion activity that aims to focus on the improvement of health literacy among patients is crucial for the general conduct of the health care systems in the world, particularly in Australia. Health literacy means the individuals ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health services and information required to come up with appropriate decisions. Primarily, individuals level of education is a factor that influences health literacy since less education inhibits the understanding of complicated instructions. Both demographic culture and age influence a persons level of literacy in a similar way as the level of education. The improvement of health literacy results in the proper utilization of preventative resources and that everything will appear to be patient-centered. Evidently, health education can empower patients to improve their knowledge and engagement to the health system by presenting them with the ab ility to possess and exploit their sense of individual control over their health as well as lives. Health education has the impact of influencing patients to modify their behavior through the process of making them change their behavior on chronic conditions. One of the key strengths of health education is that it is simple to accept the troubles faced by any individual. More importantly, the Ask-me-3 program helps in enhancing the clarity of communication between the patients and physicians since the three questions are easier to understand and manage conditions of the body while at home. The barriers to the implementation of this intervention are low health literacy as well as cultural and language differences. However, good organization of the health care setting acts as an enabler of the program. References Top of Form Bandura, A. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health education behavior, 31(2), 143-164. Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., Kok, G. (1998). Intervention mapping: a process for developing theory and evidence-based health education programs. Health Education Behavior, 25(5), 545-563. Bennett, I. M., Chen, J., Soroui, J. S., White, S. (2009). The contribution of health literacy to disparities in self-rated health status and preventive health behaviors in older adults. The Annals of Family Medicine, 7(3), 204-211. Berkman, N. D., Sheridan, S. L., Donahue, K. E., Halpern, D. J., Crotty, K. (2011). Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Annals of internal medicine, 155(2), 97-107. Feinstein, L., Sabates, R., Anderson, T. M., Sorhaindo, A., Hammond, C. (2006, September). What are the effects of education on health. InProceedings of the Copenhagen Symposium" Measuring the Effects of Education on Health and Civic Engagement. Gephart, S., Effken, J., Staggers, N., Sackett, K., Hamid, F., Cline, T., Nagle, L. (2013). Using health information technology to engage patients in their care.Online Journal of Nursing Informatics,17(3). Groene, R. O., Bolbar, I., Brotons, C. (2012). Impact, barriers and facilitators of the Ask Me 3Patient Communication Intervention in a primary care center in Barcelona, Spain: a mixed-methods analysis. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine, 2(4), 853-861. Hironaka, L. K., Paasche-Orlow, M. K. (2008). The implications of health literacy on patientprovider communication. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 93(5), 428-432. Hurley, R. E., Keenan, P. S., Martsolf, G. R., Maeng, D. D., Scanlon, D. P. (2009). Early experiences with consumer engagement initiatives to improve chronic care.Health Affairs,28(1), 277-283. Kindig, D. A., Panzer, A. M., Nielsen-Bohlman, L. (Eds.). (2004). Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion. National Academies Press. Marben, K. B. Implementation of Ask Me 3 to Enhance High-risk Patients Knowledge and Curiosity of their Specific Diagnoses and At-home Care Plans. Nielsen-Bohlman, L., Panzer, A. M., Kindig, D. A., Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2004). Health literacy: A prescription to end confusion. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. Olsson, L. E., Jakobsson Ung, E., Swedberg, K., Ekman, I. (2013). Efficacy of person?centred care as an intervention in controlled trialsa systematic review. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(3-4), 456-465. Paasche?Orlow, M. K., Parker, R. M., Gazmararian, J. A., Nielsen?Bohlman, L. T., Rudd, R. R. (2005). The prevalence of limited health literacy. Journal of general internal medicine, 20(2), 175-184. Parker, R. M., Ratzan, S. C., Lurie, N. (2003). Health literacy: a policy challenge for advancing high-quality health care.Health affairs,22(4), 147-153. Pender, N. J., Murdaugh, C. L., Parsons, M. A. (2006). Health promotion in nursing practice. Rudd, R. E., Keller, D. B. (2009). Health literacy: new developments and research. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2(3), 240-257. Schloman, B. (2004). Information Resources Column:" Health Literacy: A Key Ingredient for Managing Personal Health.". Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Available: www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume92004/No2May04/HealthLiteracyAKeyIngredientforManagingPersonalHealth. aspx. Weiss, B. D. (2007). Help patients understand. Manual for Clinicians. AMA Foundation. Wynia, M. K., Osborn, C. Y. (2010). Health literacy and communication quality in health care organizations.Journal of health communication,15(S2), 102-115.

25 Eponyms as Literary Wordplay

25 Eponyms as Literary Wordplay 25 Eponyms as Literary Wordplay 25 Eponyms as Literary Wordplay By Daniel Scocco Several DailyWritingTips.com posts have focused on, for example, phenomena and ideas named after people, and concepts or objects identified by the names of historical figures. This entry specifically suggests mythological, literary, and historical eponyms that may inspire you to employ such terms in fiction writing as cloaked allusions to characters or things. Think of these examples and others as akin to puns: A law firm named Bowler, Derby, Fedora, Stetson, and Trilby. (Maybe these will be names of characters in the upcoming film version of Lidsville, the early- ’70s Saturday-morning TV show about a land of sentient hats.) A star-crossed couple named Jeremiah, namesake of a pessimistic prophet from the Bible, and Cassandra, named after the Trojan woman blessed with the gift of prophecy but fated never to be believed. A maid named Abigail. (In Victorian England, house servants were routinely stripped of their birth names and assigned ones considered more pleasant for their employers to utter, and Abigail was a common moniker for a housemaid.) A vigilant or nosy neighbor named Argus, the name of the many-eyed monster of Greek mythology. A heavily burdened character named Atlas, after the Titan in Greek mythology charged with holding up the heavens. A place called the Augean Stables, named after the fabled stables of Augeas, the cleaning of which constituted one of the legendary twelve labors of Hercules. A spy’s contact code-named Baedeker, after the name of the popular guidebook series, or Cicerone, after a word for a sightseeing guide (in turn named after the Roman orator and statesman Cicero). A loud woman who’s always letting off steam named Calliope, after the strident steam-whistle instrument named in honor of the Greek muse of epic poetry. A tormented woman named Catherine Wheeler, named after the Catherine wheel, a rotating fireworks wheel in turn inspired by a Catholic saint tortured on a wheel. An elusive woman named Fata Morgana (or, more subtly, Morgan Fate), after the mirage phenomenon named for the Italian translation of the name of Arthurian sorceress Morgan le Fay (â€Å"fairy,† or â€Å"magician†). An extremely attractive person named Mickey Finn, after a slang term for a drugged drink. (The active ingredient is sometimes called â€Å"knockout drops.†) A ruminative character named Fletcher, after the health food faddist notorious for prescribing a quantifiable amount of chewing while eating. An energizing character named Galvani, after the scientist who studied the stimulating effects of electricity. A hapless company called Gordian Inc., named for the knot that could not be untied. (Alexander the Great reportedly solved the problem by severing the knot with his sword.) An unhelpful character named Hobson, after the stable owner who hired out any horse a customer wanted, as long as the one selected was next in line to be used (hence the oxymoronic expression â€Å"Hobson’s choice†). An arbiter named Hoyle, after the eponymous author of rules for card games (hence the nearly extinct expression â€Å"according to Hoyle†). A race car driver or reckless motorist named Jehu (after the biblical king of that name notorious for his wild charioteering). A drink named the Molotov cocktail, after the nickname for the bomb made from a bottle filled with inflammable liquid and ignited with a wick. (The bomb is in turn named after a Russian Communist politician.) An impostor named Pinchbeck, after the watchmaker whose created an inexpensive alloy resembling gold. Hundreds of eponyms are available for enlivening satirical or otherwise humorous prose. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had15 Great Word GamesHow to Punctuate Introductory Phrases

Decline of Rome essays

Decline of Rome essays Romes decline was caused by four main factors: military, political, social and economic. I believe the predominant factor to be political causes. The emperors seized all authority and became corrupt. Not only the emperors, but also the other officials and authority figures as well. The emperors and authority figures have lost control of the people as a whole and the matters at hand. Emperor after emperor tried his luck, but none have been able to solve their political problems. I hope you will listen to my argument and help to change the empire for the better. The emperors have no control over the people and do nothing but stall the decline of Rome. Bread and Circus do nothing more than bring temporary peace to the empire, and after theyre over the continuous problems of everyday life still occur. The Circus, created by emperors, instill sadistic morals of bloodshed and violence into the citizens, as well as halt all technological advancement. With these excursions all military and economics froze in place while other civilizations advanced and evolved, and eventually took over Rome. You can not account the decline to just this reason though. Government became power hungry and tried to control the Romans lives. Diocletian tried to control economics and inflation by fixing prices for goods and services. He also required young men to follow their fathers footsteps in occupation, but this only lead to turmoil and disaster. There are two main reasons why this did not work, one being that some children were more talented than others were and this either held the children back, or put impossible goals in front of them. The other reason being this was made to stop inflation of necessities, this it did, but it made the farmers poorer because they had to settle for a set price while other merchants could raise prices on luxuries. Diocletian also divided the empire into two, east and west. ...

Moral testimony Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Moral testimony - Article Example "Moral experts have no need to seek out others' moral expertise, but moral non-experts lack sufficient knowledge to determine whether the advice provided by a putative moral expert in response to complex moral situations is correct and hence whether an individual is a bone fide expert."1 The acceptance of moral testimony has been challenged on the basis that it does not make knowledge available to the recipient and therefore the use of such a knowledge is illegitimate.Before the reasons for this objection are discussed it is worth noting that little academic attention has actually been paid to the idea of whether or not testimony can be a legitimate source of moral beliefs.2 "we should be open to being persuaded by others, responsive to moral argument; but we should not take their word on moral issues, not allow ourselves to be influenced by the fact that they hold a certain view''.if, on the other hand, reliance on moral testimony is legitimate, there will still be questions about the conditions under which it is so". 3 This means that even though it is hard for us as humans to reject or accept moral judgements and considerations subconsciously , we cannot let these considerations to become a part of our analyses in real life. For example my idea that a certain person is "racist" or a "liar" is based on my own perceptions and experiences. When dealing with this person my prejudices will inevitably suffice (even though in a very subtle manner).However any action by a third party based on my views or "moral testimony" should not be relied upon. Even if my moral testimony does form the basis of another party's reaction or action and it is subsequently accepted Hopkins(2007) believes that there should be a more "solid" reason for doing so rather than my own value judgements. It has been further suggested that "moral discourse, for some reason or other, cannot meet the conditions necessary for learning from the word of others. Since the epistemology is wrong, there is no knowledge to be had from testimonial transactions on moral matters."(Hopkins 2007). It is for this reason that it is believed that it would be rather "illegitimate" to let other's claims guide one's moral belief. For example as an employer of a person I might be faced with the moral testimony of the hiring committee that this person has "moral shortcomings" but I cannot base my judgement on these moral shortcomings. Firstly because morality is largely a matter of perception and the evidence offered in this regard will also be based on "feelings" or the personal experiences of the moral expert, and not actual evidence of their shortcoming like theft or irresponsibility on the job. Of course the contrary view in this regards is that in the right circumstances, moral dialogue may meet and fulfil all the criteria of testimonies in general (Hopkins 2007). The problem however remains that moral testimony lies in a standard that only relates to morals and since knowledge is right, testimony does make moral knowledge available. (Hopkins 2007) For a more profound analysis of this issue it is necessary to delve deeper into what the words "moral" and "testimony" entail in

The person worthy of being considered a leader Research Paper

The person worthy of being considered a leader - Research Paper Example The three personality traits of Che Guevara that will be discussed in this paper are selflessness, decisiveness and courage. The life history of the great leader will be searched and facts about his life that represent these traits will be reviewed for providing evidence that he possessed these three traits throughout his life. A noticeable characteristic of Che Guevara is that of selflessness. He possessed such acquaintance with his chosen life of working for the people that he sacrificed his personal privileges of leading a sophisticated lifestyle. He found out accidentally that according to the food rationing government scheme introduced in the year 1961, he was being provided with higher rations than other general people. On knowing this fact, he immediately cut off his extra rations that he was provided. Evidence of his selfless nature has even been found when it was observed that during certain periods of time he even refused to take the travelling allowances provided by the go vernment for use in purposes related to official activities. In this regard, he refused to take the allocated petrol from the government for official purposes in taking his wife to the hospital. At a certain point of time in his life, when the government allotted airfare to his family to visit him in Cuba, he asked his family members to not accept the same from the government and asked them to bear their respective airfares to travel from Argentina to Cuba to visit him. His selfless nature led him to become more committed to the processes of revolution. His nature of being committed and the lifestyle that he led all throughout his existence in the world has helped enormously in earning the special place within the minds and hearts of the people belonging to the Latin American and the Cuban region (Saunois, â€Å"Che Guevara - Symbol of Struggle†). Guevara was a person who also possessed strong decisiveness. He was so clear about his goals that he never allowed his professiona l possessions collide with his desires and aspirations in life. When he faced the cycle of dilemma related to either choosing medicine or guns as his career, he noted the following verse which clearly evaluates his nature of being decisive. He stated that he was in an ambiguous state in his life when he had to decide whether he should dedicate his life working with medicine or should perform comprehensively his duties as a revolutionary leader. At that point, he decided his career through a straightforward thought that he had to choose one from a bag which was filled with medicine and an ammunition box. The bag and the box together were quite heavy to be carried by him and thus he decided to carry the ammunition box and left the medicine bag. With decisiveness, gradually he became the chief lieutenant of Fidel Castro and differentiated himself from others as a practical and brutal diplomat who could effectively lead his collaborators and traitors. Also at the same time, he deemed hi mself to be holding deep concern for the wellbeing of his groups. His decisive nature took him to the heights of popularity not only in Cuba but also in Latin America. With the passage of years in his life, he grew more and more focused towards his ambition in life. Along with popularity and love among the people of Cuba and Latin America, success in line with the fulfillment of his ambition also arrived throughout his various phases of life

Analysing The Performance Of Aegon Group Business Essay

Analysing The Performance Of Aegon Group Business Essay AEGON Group is world leader in financial services business which provides life insurance, pensions, long term savings funds and investment services and products. AEGON Group has 30000 employees and serving over 40 million customers globally. AEGON Group provides services and products over twenty five countries globally United States, United Kingdom, Europe and Asia. By 1994 AEGON started relationship with Scottish Equitable, which was very popular and well known name in the United Kingdom as a financial service industry. Scottish Equitable founded in 1831. By 1998 AEGON had taken complete control of Scottish Equitable and Scottish Equitable was rebranded as AEGON Scottish Equitable in 2006. After two years the Group extended its businesses in the United Kingdom and bought life insurance operations of Guardian Royal Exchange. AEGON main customers are United States, United Kingdom and Netherland. AEGON withdrew some business from Belgium and Greece, also general insurance from the Unit ed Kingdom market and healthcare sector from Netherland. The Group also sold its stake in FGH Bank and merchant bank Labouchere. The result was a more efficient and better concentrated organization. AEGON playing very important role in its markets just not in United Sates, Netherlands and United Kingdom but also in new markets of Asia, and central part of the Eastern Europe as well. AEGON is listed on the stock exchanges of Amsterdam, London, New York and Tokyo. Task -1: Explore the background to change affecting the current organization. P -1.1 Discuss the background to change that exists in today economy. Change is a powerful force or an engine that drives many segments of our economy. Mostly forces of change provide us as contractors with new projects to build and older buildings to modify or amend. Changing is truly the lifeblood of our businesses and our economy. The forces of change are also more subtle and pervasive as its affect our economy, our businesses, our jobs and even our daily lives as well. We might easily recognize changes as progress in physical world of production, but maybe we fail to recognize other forces in our economy, our businesses, our jobs and even our personal lives. Failure to recognize force of change can only lead in downward spiral to lower efficiency, lower profitability, lower productivity and lower personal in-effectiveness. Change is continuous adoption of organization strategies and structures to changing external environment. Today change is ongoing process in our economies, our businesses, and our lives. Change that exists in todays economy The competitive pressure forced the changes bring into our economy. There are several major forces for changes that exist in today economy and financial sectors. These forces are: Bureaucracy Environment changes Climate change Economics changes Political changes Technological changes Personal behaviours changes Changes in turn started the industry globalization We can see incidents in past changes the businesses and economic environment which is responsible for changes exist in current economy. Bureaucracy effect in our organization and economy because management were use resources to person needs rather than organization goals. Max Weber saw bureaucracy as the most rational and effective mode of organizing the activities of large numbers of people because it ensured decision-making according to general rules rather than the whims of officials, cultivated trained experts, and reduced the possibilities of corruption and nepotism. Weber, M., (1979): Economy and Society, in: Journal of an Outline of Interpretive Sociology, Volume 2 The global economic crisis that started in the US in 2007 and spread around the world in 2008 was preceded by large imbalances in global capital flows. The economic crisis has changed world economy during the past year alone, slowdowns economic growth. The IMF says this represents By far the deepest post-World War II recession with an actual decline in output in countries making up 75% of the world economy BBC News. (April22, 2009): (Online). Available at: www.bcc.co.uk The evidence shows that ignoring climate change will eventually damage economic growth. Our actions over the coming few decades could create risks of major disruption to economic and social activity, later in this century and in the next, on a scale similar to those associated with the great wars and the economic depression of the first half of the 20th century. And it will be difficult or impossible to reverse these changes. Tackling climate change is the pro-growth strategy for the longer term, and it can be done in a way that does not cap the aspirations for growth of rich or poor countries. The earlier effective action is taken, the less costly it will be. NICHOLAS STERN, STERN REVIEW: THE ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE LONG EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii (2006) Economy growth slowdown, unemployment is up, house price fall down and these changes, changed people mindsets and their spending habits in order to survive this difficult time. Managers across the UK, meanwhile, have accepted their own redundancy as inevitable, according to the Chartered Management Institute. Those factors are cause to a lot of stress for us all our society and individually. There also In near past the world economy was not good even before September 11.Synchronized growth slowdowns and in the case of recession in Japan were already under Way in the US, Europe and Japan, while developing countries were facing weaker export demand and increasingly difficult financing conditions. After the shock of September 11 have changed the picture, increasing the already significant downside risks to world growth Fischer, S., October 18, 2001: International Monetary Fund. 32nd IAFEI World Congress, Cancun, Mexico The Changes in the political environment is also one factor to change in today economy. It is difficult to say that these changes are simply short-term reactions to a major shock or amount to new and worrisome trends. At the very least, the balance between political and economic forces has been significantly altered. Because political support for globalization was at best shallow while the global economy was in a buoyant state, this suggests the pendulum is now swinging in the opposite direction. Against this background, two lessons from history are worth keeping in mind. One, dismantling protections takes time. It took several decades for many of the trade barriers erected during the interwar period to be brought down. Second, even if a important part of the progress in liberalizing trade in recent times has been institutionalized and strong reversals à   la 1930s are not likely, the downward spiral of protectionism acts fast. Ferry.P.J Santos.I, (March2009). FD: Volume46, Number1 The technology is posing major challenge to todays economy that is information technology. The information technology of the computer and internet services has and will continue to changes the economy. In the world of economics, globalization is reflected in the increasing the acceptance of free markets and private enterprise as the principal mechanisms for promoting economic activities. Its growing importance is captured in such indices as trade in goods and services, private capital flows in different forms, foreign investment, information technology transfers, operations of transnational enterprises, business travel and communication, and migration and remittances Dunning, J. H. (1993): The Globalisation of Business. Routledge, London. As Labovitz Rosansky point out personal behaviour Psychologists have long recognized that human beings like people who are like themselves and tend to reject people who are different from them. So far organizations continue to create changes between people interest of efficiency. Line versus staff, management versus labour, field versus corporate, internal versus domestic, East versus West, accounting versus sales- the list goes on. No wonder it so hard to focus people around familiar goals when they are so different from each other simply by virtue of what they do and where they do it. Specialization and knowledge can be a wedge that drives people future apart and makes it difficult for them to work together Price, A., (2007): Human Resource Management. 3rd Ed, p281 Several commentators have drawn attention to the analogy with the effects of natural disasters like the Kobe earthquake in Japan that barely show up in the national accounts. It is the indirect effects that will matter most, in particular, in the short-term much depends on the effects on consumer and investor confidence and spending, which were already under strain and have been strained further by the attacks Fischer, S., October 18, 2001: IMF, 32nd IAFEI World Congress, Mexico. AEGON UK chief executive Otto Thoresen says The economic environment is challenging but we have a strong team to take us forward through the next phase of our development Many changes affected the AEGON, UK environment in recent years. These are few changes; External factors In the UK, life expectancy has increased in recent years hence people can expect to be retired for longer. In many cases, individuals have not planned properly for retirement and there may be a shortfall in the amount of money available. AEGON UK have introduced new less expensive pension schemes or insisted on employee pension contributions where they did not in the past. In an economy closed to external equity investors, such as the UK before 1979, the decline of defined benefit pensions would have been a disaster. The cost and availability of equity capital would have reflected the reduced flow of funds into the equity market. This potential concern became irrelevant as a consequence of the lifting of exchange controls and the globalisation of capital flows, which made the market more efficient while putting downward pressure on the cost of capital. Plender, J., (2010): The pensions shake-up heralds equity demand change. The Financial Times Private pensions The government pensions were very small and also government want to decrease the dependency on the state in old age. The government also have introduced private pension schemes to deceased the dependency on the state. Pension funds are increasingly being asked by politicians, non-governmental organizations, campaigners, and pressure groups to mobilize their financial clout more actively and to take their responsibilities as corporate owners more seriously. The chances are it could change from being asked to being required. Fraser, I., (2010): Pension funds search for climate change risks and opportunities Falling vales of shares The current economic downturn situation affected the company shares values, which reduce the returns on the customers investment. Customers getting less than they were expected for their investment, also people had a negative impact on pensions as well. Competition AEGON is in competition with other organisations which are selling directly to customers and those competitors also well known in United Kingdom. Also AEGON has had very poor reputation in the insurance and pensions industry in recent years. P -1.2 Evaluate the strengths and weakness of the organization. Strengths The strengths of an organization are those things that it does particularly well, especially when viewed against the operations of its competitors and also its weakness areas in which it is less strong than the competition.  ¨ AEGON had historically been successful AEGON had historically been successful but government imposed price controls had reduced profitability. Compared to its competitors, AEGON was not well known by consumers. It had developed good products and services and had a good reputation with distributors, particularly in the area of pensions which were a key strength of Scottish Equitable.  ¨ Developed good products/services AEGON developed a range of products and services to individuals, corporations and institutions. Most of these products and services fall into one of the following three categories: Life insurance Pensions Long-term savings and investments products  ¨ Good reputation with distributors Compared to its competitors, AEGON is well known and had a good reputation with distributors, particularly in the area of pensions which were a key strength of Scottish Equitable.  ¨ Customer focused organisation AEGON UK is a customer focused organization as AEGON CEO (Otto Thoresen, 2009) pointed out that We work to help keep customers needs /wants at the heart of all developments and to make sure that financial service industry works with customers to give them what they want/need and we offer the best products and services from their point of view.  ¨ Reflecting local knowledge and global power Scottish Equitable is now AEGON Scottish Equitable reflecting both local knowledge and global power. All the brands now bring a new common look which is refreshing and different.  ¨ AEGON provide the levels of return promised AEGON UK Ltd is also providing the levels of return promised and being responsible for any risks associated with doing so.  ¨ Provide products/services different levels of income for the consumers AEGON Ltd have contractual measures in place to help those customers who find themselves on low incomes and, often through no fault of their own, are unable to maintain premium payments. These measures include introducing lower premium payments, grace periods and loans or, in some cases, reducing the coverage offered by a particular policy. Weaknesses The weaknesses of the organisation are matched to the opportunities and threats that may affect the organisation and which come from the external environment.  ¨ Not well known by consumers in the UK AEGON was not well known by consumers. It had developed good products and services and had a good reputation with distributors, particularly in the area of pensions but not well known directly by consumers.  ¨ Had poor reputation in life insurance and pensions industry The insurance and pensions industry, in which AEGON operates, has had very poor reputation in recent years.  ¨ Not providing consumers with best products for their needs The AEGON Ltd is not providing the products and services in a way that genuinely meets consumer needs/wants, and also not regulator by government.  ¨ Difficult to understand financial services products Financial services/products are hardly to understand. People do not always feel which range of financial products/services they need and also are not sure where to seek support and advice.  ¨ Wide problems to remain competitive The insurance and pensions industry have been characterised by intense competition. AEGON is in competition with other organisations which are selling directly to consumers and which are also better known in the UK.  ¨ Not selling directly to customers AEGON Ltd not sells product direct to consumers, they sells products/services via salesmen, agents or brokers which sometime involves mis-selling of its products/services. P -1.3 Compare alternative forms of organizational development. When we promote the idea of making consumer aware of the organizational change, it becomes organizational development. Generally, the organizational development is considered as a method of arrangement, suitable with the contemporary requirements of the organization and also being able to fulfil the future requirements that cannot be distinguish. After reading the case study of the AEGON Ltd, The plan appears to be the organizational efficiency and effectiveness from top to bottom level. The company led by its new CEO has new objectives such as: Defining the view of where company stand. Defining how the company will stand in the future. Defining the policies and standards to reach the future goals and objectives. The purpose of the company was self analysis by defining goals, targets and objectives, how to reach them and what the management is doing to achieve these goals and objectives. AEGON took a brand audit to find out the answers of these questions and the result of the audit reveals two steps How was the company positioned? How was the competitor of the company positioned? By the audit, the new CEO came to know that there is a need for formation of the new approach (play in the market). The staffs were adopted with the innovation and well organized communication system. Additionally, self analysis has helped new CEO to position a fresh plan to craft progress. The new plans resulted for the organization to involve in the following strategy steps: Simplify financial service and provide more focus. It was important that consumers understood more precisely what they were buying as well as the benefits and services they received. By making products and services clear to the consumers, to many of goal organization achieved and too many very important stakeholders introduced to the change. Both of the stakeholders (government and consumers) are aware and happy, because of services provided by AEGON, these steps were taken for the customer to make them aware and solve problems. Develop the workforce. The objective was to develop the skills, needed within the business and to involve the stakeholders in process of change, by providing them training and skills. Therefore, AEGON also created new opportunities for stakeholder to progress from one job to another job by developing and promoting the careers of work force. This helps AEGON to attract more customers and have competition. Organizational culture may include such things as, confidence to innovation, decisions and trust for production and quality. The model, implemented by new CEO of the AEGON, brought positive change in the organization and gave new direction to the company. Fundamentally, representation of simplify system with regard to the AEGON can be evaluated as follows; Analysing the factor affect the organization Organizational performance and future plans are constantly affected by the external and internal environmental factors. For success in the present world, one need to consider not only the internal environment of the organization consisting of its resources and employees, but needs to consider the external factors as well. These facts cannot be stopped but can adjust accordingly as per the changes in the political, economical or social pressures. These are the external aspects which consist of: Competitors or Opponents The change in the economic structure The Impact of the society/culture Financial agreements Political or Legal system Impact of the environment Analysing the weakness and strength of the organization A range of organization functions which determine an organization strength and weaknesses include production function, management function, Research and Development, marketing function, sales function, HR function, procurement function, logistics function, and various other departments within the organization. For example, organization strength can be derived from the excellence human resource in the organization which might not be present in some of the competitors in the insurance and pensions industry. One more example includes marketing function i.e. if an organization is not effective in marketing efforts, competitors may take advantage of the firms weakness. So AEGON Ltd need highly competent in achieving competences in all these areas of business in order to be successful in the business environment. Determine the goals and objectives of the organization It aims to boost organizational performance by aligning goals and objectives throughout the organization. Ideally, employees get key input to identify their objectives, time lines for completion etc. Management by objectives to be effective, individual managers must understand the specific objectives of their job and how those objectives fit in with the overall organizational objectives set by the board of directors. Involving the stakeholder to process of change Involving the stakeholder, how well does the organization Involve stakeholders in problem solving? Keep stakeholders informed of status towards organizational objectives? Act on feedback from stakeholders? Mobilize the right resources at the right time to adopt the implementation initiative? Create a critical mass of effort by impacted groups to propel the change? Strength Risk Dr. Baba, M., (2005): Change Management. The Defence Logistics Enterprise. Transforming Organizations in the Information Era. Enterprise Integration Group Creating new culture in organization Changing culture in organization helps to improvement organizational objects. Changing culture involves changing the basic values, beliefs, norms, etc., with the individuals of the organization in order to improve overall organization performance. Whether or not it is possible to fully manage change, we believe that being very clear about what changes are required and being very intentional about building a culture that supports the new mission, goals, strategies and practices increases the probability of success exponentially. This necessarily involves a large cross section of the organization in assessing the current system of norms and beliefs, determining what changes are needed, and designing an implementation plan ( Shorb, J.K and Jones, M.D. 2009 ). The result of the change was increase in the efficiency and effectiveness, the company improve its strengths and over comes its weaknesses, the pattern of the behaviours and business culture was developed in the organization and base of the organization to learn from its experiences was forms. Task -2 Develop systems for understanding and involving others in the process of change. P-2.1 Identify systems to involved appropriate stakeholders in the introduction of change. Stakeholder is someone who has some stake or interest in the changes and development of the organization, such as share holders, employees, government and customers. The new CEO consulted with different stakeholders of the company and then formulates a plan of action which includes following aspects: Simplify to financial services and customer focus It was important that consumers understood more specifically what they were buying, as well as the benefits and services they received. The new CEO make understandable to customers, what were company services and products, and what we going to invest and also what will possible to investment returns. Both of the stakeholders and government were unhappy because services and products were not good but after this step taken by new CEO to clarify methods and they become more aware to this regard and problem has been solved. Developing the workforce The purpose was to develop the  skills  needed within the company to help it change. AEGON also created opportunities for progression from one job to another job and usually one service to another service. Creating a distinct market place for the organization Create a more different presence within the marketplace. This involved refreshing the AEGON  brand in a means that made it more distinctive from its competitors and more attractive to his  consumers. The new CEO has taken some steps in following ways. External promotional: External promotional campaigns emphasised the relationship between Scottish Equitable and AEGON. This helped to support the local familiarity and the global power of the Organization in UK. The CEO talked to media: The new CEO talked to media about the refreshing of the brand internally and externally resulted in strong positive response. AEGON has launched new and innovative products: AEGON has launched new product e.g. the five for life pension has helped to change the way in which consumers can look at their retirement income. AEGON provide more certainty about the levels of income for customer, with providing the levels of return promised. P-2.2 Analyse and evaluate these systems. The change in the system of the organization brought positive influence internally and externally. The big challenge was to convince the stakeholders, the importance of the change in the organization. For the achievement of this objective, new CEO manoeuvre from improving skills of the workforce, he linked this growth to certain behaviours: These eight behaviours are; Think customer Embrace change Encourage excellence Act with integrity Decisive action Work together Learn and grow Relate and communicate Customers less awareness is one another reason of the change in the organization, this was also reason of the government increased tax impositions. As result of this, the company was losing customers. Knowledge of the service and product was made available through AEGON information system. Training and retraining of the employees was another aspect of the change. Finally, the company has to regain its reputation and built a brand name for its stakeholders, and the CEO responded to this challenge by bringing well known brand shares which recognise AEGON in front of its stakeholders. Furthermore, AEGON moreover revive its brand name to hold its market position though merger with Scottish Equitable (now known as AEGON Scottish Equitable), which gave company a new look. Task- 3 What were the models implemented for ensuring ongoing change. P-3.1 Adapt an appropriate model for change. The model, implemented by new CEO, brought positive and contrastive change and gave company new direction. The CEO already mentioned the performance of company through reforms in culture. As mentioned previously, both of the stakeholders (government and consumers) are aware and happy because of services provided by AEGON. These steps were taken for the customer to make them aware and solve problems. With regard to AEGON model, implementation will bring some changes which can be categorised: Analysing the factor affecting the organization. Analysing the weaknesses and strengths of the organization. Determine the goals and objectives of the organization. Involving the stakeholder to process of change. Creating new culture in organization. As Kotter, (1995) describe in Leading Change helpful model outlines an eight step process with suggestions to help organizations transform. Kotter model is useful in understanding that the change process takes time and is not something that happens immediately. It is important for program leaders and communications staff to understand that the steps needed to support any transformation plan takes place during all stages of project. Each step acknowledges a key principle identified and people can see changes, feel the changes. These eight steps: Increase Urgency AEGON pensions provider has suggested that the issue of the government helping public to put money away for retirement is of greater urgency now than it ever has been. (AEGON UK chief executive Otto Thoresen. 2010) Build the Guiding Team Get the guiding team to create the right vision and strategies to guide action in all of the remaining stages of change. This is a difficult and increasingly complex market in which AEGON Ltd is committed to offering adviser partners the ongoing help they require. We are confident that we have developed an investment proposition that meets the needs of advisers and their clients now and in a post RDR world. (Andy Marchant., 2009. Life and Pensions Marketing Director at AEGON) Get the Vision Right A shared sense of urgency for change may push people into action, but it is the vision that taking them in the right direction. A good vision offers a compelling, motivating the picture of the future and serves several important purposes. Communicate for Buy In Communicate changing vision and strategies to create understanding and buy-in Keeping communication uncomplicated and heartfelt not complex and technical Know what your individuals are feeling Speak to anxieties, confusion, anger, fear Empower Action Empower action mean is a deal effectively with obstacles that block action, especially disempowering bosses, the wrong performance measurement and reward systems, lack of information, and lack of self confidence. Create Short Term wins A short term win boosts employees confidence in the process, helping to make their efforts seem worthwhile, and gives the people responsible a chance to relax and enjoy their achievements and also link achievements back to the original vision, quieten the cynics and resisters and strengthen support from organization. Consolidating achievements and progressing Continuing with wave after wave of change, not stopping until the clear vision is a reality no matter how big the obstacles. Make Change Stick Change simply sticks when the people it affects are involved. All change is either rejected or embraced by the employees who have to live with its outcome. So its always better to involve those people in the process of change and pay close attention to their hopes and fears. P -3.2 How was the plan implemented, its process and outcomes. For successfully manage change processes, it is required to analyze the phases of the process. Managers want to know in which phase they have to anticipate and what types of problems. Most successful organizations are able to adjust themselves to new conditions quickly. This needs to learn planning processes that lead to improved organizational values. Consumers were confused before the model implemented what AEGON was. The outcome of model implement for change was extremely positive and successful. It helps to recognise the company strength and weakness and its also shows that global scale was important and local brand expertise as well. AEGON brand was not promoted alongside the Scottish Equitable and not well known in financial service industry. With a new Chief Executive of UK in place 2005 of AEGON put a new plan (model). The purpose of this model implement was to meet the CEO objectives and goals. Before implement to change AEGON was unknown in the United Kingdom, much less popular in consumers and product or services offer by the company not good enough. But after the implementation of changes AEGON became very popular brand in the United Kingdom and business started growing as well. Now the alliance with AEGON is much stronger. E.g. Scottish Equitable is now AEGON Scottish Equitable thus reflecting local knowledge and also global power. In order

Frankenstein Being More Human than Monster Essay example -- Frankenste

Frankenstein Being More Human than Monster Society is inevitable. It will always be there as a pleasure and a burden. Society puts labels on everything such as good or bad, rich or poor, normal or aberrant. Although some of these stamps are accurate, most are misconceptions. In Mary Shelley's, Frankenstein, this act of erring by society is extremely evident. Two of the most inaccurate assumptions of society revolve around the central characters, Dr. Frankenstein and the monster. Society's labels for these two extremely different characters are on the exact opposite side of the scale of what they truly are. Dr. Frankenstein is more of a monster while the monster is more humane. Dr. Frankenstein, the so labeled decent, no-fault man, is actually irresponsible, stubborn, and extreme in his actions throughout the novel. From the very first encounter with Victor Frankenstein we get a hint if his insaneness when he asks R. Walton, "Do you share my madness?". That is the first thing that he says when he recovers from his illness. Right from the start we know that something is awry with Victor. Dr. Frankenstein's irresponsibility shows through many times in his feelings toward his creation. While he was in the process of shaping his creation, Frankenstein gets so caught up in his work and his yearning to be remembered for all time that he does not consider what will happen after life is breathed into his creation. He is so consumed by his work he does not sleep for days on end, go outside, eat meals, or write to his family. Frankenstein even admits that he could not control his obsession with his work, "For this I had deprived myself of rest and health". What san e person puts his work before his own health? After his cre... ... human he has known or loved has rejected the creature he decides to isolate himself. But as he retreats to his desolation he saves a girl from drowning in river. This concern for human life in addition to his love toward the family is evidence to his humanity. Dr. Frankenstein is a man that cares only of himself and accepts no responsibility for his actions and his creation on the other hand is compassionate and helpful to the humans who despise him. Society has the most influence in a person's point of view on any given point. Mostly society causes misconceptions about people based on appearance and the unknown. This is especially evident in the novel Frankenstein, where labels are placed on the main characters by society are skewed. Dr. Frankenstein turns out to be more of a monster than his creation while his creation is more humane than Dr. Frankenstein is.

Japanese and American Business Behavior

Management sciences have long identified that there are many forms of business behaviors. Different organizations from different cultures tend to run their business in different manners, this include decision making activities, problem solving, future forecasting, and other issues within a business.The differences do not stop on the organizational level, managers of different cultures generally has their own personal style of managing their subordinates. These differences are interesting to study because of the increasing phenomena of globalization.II. Research BackgroundII. 1. The Need to Study Business StylesDifferent companies within different cultures previously have no need compare their business styles with those of foreign companies. However, with the rising of globalization and international competition, corporations are derived to take account of business cultures from all over the world. This is necessary in time where they have to make connections with foreign business in order to grow or survive. Furthermore, some business behaviors might be better suited in their local environment but contributes poorly within the global environment.There are times where changes of culture from local to global culture are necessities. Thus, to compare one business style to another is almost a common activity for economist and businessmen today.II. 2 Why Study Japanese CultureAsian economy has always been a matter of intense discussion among American scholars. There are predictions from many economist and observers that Asia will be the center of economic growth once the world has entered the new millennium. Although these predictions have not come through as expected, the rapid development of Asian economy is still an important event in the history of world’s economy.Let us take Japan as a representation of the strength of Asian economy. Japan produces some of the most innovative and highest quality products in the world. Since 1970’s, Japanese automa kers have been intensely competing with US automakers. Some even believed that they have exceeded the US automakers in some respects. The British motorcycle industry, which once considered as the one who brought the’ golden age’ on motorcycle industries has been wiped-out almost entirely by the presence of Japan’s futuristic motorcycles in their local soil.In fact, today, we have seen that Japanese culture is everywhere in the world. Many Americans today are fans of Japanese products since they were children. Japanese products have undeniably infiltrate US social and economic life in the most significant way. The popularity of Kill Bill, Iron Chef, Power Rangers, Hello Kitty, and Anime describes the strong presence of Japanese culture in the United States. Furthermore, American businessmen are today learning Japanese business style, more than just to communicate with their Japanese partners, but also to enhance their efficiency in doing business.The acknowledgem ent given to Japanese culture and their influence is overwhelming in many parts of the world (Palmeri, 2004). The popularity of Japanese culture in most parts of the world brought upon an interesting question for American business people. What are actually the differences between Japanese business behaviors and American business behaviors? Furthermore, the ability of Japanese businessmen to do what Americans cannot bring increasing interest in studying the popular culture. Within this paper, I am comparing two of the world’s most popular business styles, the American style and the Japanese style.There will be discussion on differences, similarities and some comparison of which has the advantage over certain situations.III. Research QuestionAs mentioned above, the strength of Japanese culture astonished economist from all over the world. With the increasing case studies where Japanese businessmen outperform others in international market, there is an interesting question of wh ether Japanese culture could have exceeded the dominating culture of the world (Americans). The implied research questions in the elaboration above are:‘With respect to its Strengths and Weaknesses, is Japanese business culture more suitable for business advancement and development than the American business culture? ’ In order to answer this question, a sufficient elaboration regarding both business cultures is required. The elaboration should lead to a comparative analysis regarding both business cultures. Based on book, journals and articles on Japanese and American business culture, I will divide the comparative analysis into several chapters focusing on different ways to compare the two business cultures.A concluding statement will be made to summarize the comparative analysis in the end of the paper. IV. Organizational Management StylesIV. 1 Roles and DecisionMaking In terms of managerial styles, American companies tend to be financially oriented and value autonom y. In a typical American company, the role of each employee is clearly defined and the employee is fully responsible for the activities assigned to him/her. Decisions generally come from individual authority, and the company usually makes clear definition of who is entitle for making what kinds of decisions (Engel, 2000).The Japanese style of management however, has a rather contrast approach. Japan companies (or Japanese style companies) has a more intuitive approach to management. Most of the employees have undefined roles and they are most likely to be assigned as teams to work together for group goals. Decisions do not come from a single person, but rather as a collective process involving many voices. However, when it comes to managing overseas, Japan companies seem to be more centralized that US corporations.For instance, if a Japanese company has an affiliate in US soil, their necessities focus on detailed communication across the Pacific. Generally, such communication is dom inated by Japanese employees, excluding many of the American employees from the managerial process. Furthermore, the US affiliate will most likely diminish in its ability to act independently. These issues created significant concern for American employees working for Japanese companies.IV. 2 Strategic PlanningIn strategic planning, Japanese companies seem to have a considerably different approach to Americans.For instance, while formulating a strategy, Americans are more-top-driven in their approach. They prefer to design changes and speed up evolution. This is in contrast with the Japanese who prefer to allow things to evolve from the bottom (Fiedler, 1965). American business people tend to finalize strategies quickly, sometimes without taking account of several issues and factors. They generally prefer to spend more time correcting the strategy in the implementation stage. The Japanese, on the other hand, tends to hold more careful discussion of what might go wrong and find their solutions.It is not until an all round agreement is achieved would the strategy be implemented. Many believe that the Japanese take more time to execute a plan and that is simply unacceptable. On the other hand, there are those who believed that the Japanese way is better, because they do not force the process. They allow everything to be in place, and when it does, they implement it quickly. Another argument in awe of the Japanese business culture is the fact that most Japanese managers prefer to look into the roots of the problem before making decisions, judgments and strategies.The American straightforward approach often result casualties of innocent workers being fired because management cannot see the root of the problem. This judgmental behavior is efficient, but not effective. Decisions are delivered in faster amount of time but less accuracy and depth of analysis. Japanese managers prefer to solve the problem first before looking for someone to blame. This culture evolves i n a manner that allows employees to feel shame even before they were even accused of misconduct. Mutual understanding and commitment to corporate goal is what fueled the Japanese strategy-machine to work.IV. 3 Employment and Personnel ManagementIn terms of employment, many writers indicated that Japan companies have distinctly unique system of ‘lifetime employment. Japanese companies are given credit by many for their ability in fostering loyalty and encouragement of their employees. Nevertheless, this is domestic in nature, and the system generally turns weak, once the companies enter international realm. Most of the modern nations found the Japanese employment system demands things that little (except Japanese people) would tolerate.Analysts indicated that these demands come from the lack of external labor market. There is not much choice for Japanese labor and employees in terms of employment. Thus, they tend to go along with every terms of the company, once they have signe d their contracts (Hersey, 1972). In foreign lands, Japanese companies who find that their system of employment is large unacceptable by non-Japanese, generally come up with an unfortunate solution. They would decide that the non-Japanese is to be hired under separate employment categories with little advancement opportunity or job security.IV. 4 Thickness of CultureOpening to new culture has been recognized as one of the popular traits of American business style. Corporations generally have a strong statement of their culture, but with a sense of flexibility and openness for new people and subsidiaries. Many writers consider this as advancement over other developing business cultures around the world. The Japanese on the other hand, develop a very ‘thick’ sense of corporate culture in each of their working generations. This strong sense of culture evolves from the fact that most Japanese employees work together for as long as a lifetime.Even a Japanese new entry would have difficulties in tuning-in to the corporate culture if they join in mid-career. Because of this tendency to form a strong bond among Japanese employees, Americans working within these companies generally experience numerous frictions and frustrations because they fail to understand the ongoing culture in the company (Kopp, n. d).V. Personal Leadership StylesV. 1 Types of LeadershipWithin this chapter, I will elaborate several types of leadership styles. Within each style there is an assessment of how Americans or Japanese favor the style. The types of leadership are: ? Directive LeadershipCompanies whose managers are accustomed to stress direction to subordinates are those of the directive leadership style. This style became famous in the United States, but it is now declining in frequency. Many stated that this style is currently most dominant is Asian countries. However, the Japanese seemed to be excluded in this particular category.Participative LeadershipThis style pursues c lose teamwork as a path to success. The Japanese are the symbol of this particular leadership style. Americans very seldom practice this type of leadership.Empowering LeadershipThis type of leadership is a brand new trend in America.It stresses on delegating responsibilities to subordinates and retain their passion in doing the best for the company. American Giants today are proclaiming themselves to be practicing this type of leadership. However, many Japanese multinationals (like Sony Corp. ) have this type of leadership style within their corporate philosophy. ? Charismatic Leadership Many CEO of multinationals have what is called human magnetism. It is the ability to gain trust from others to do what is needed for the company. These leaders usually exist within national boundaries. Their charismatic power seldom breaks through the limits of their culture.This type of leadership was dominated by Americans; however, their numbers are significantly reduced by as many of US companie s go global. More of them exist within the Japanese local culture now. (Cotter, 2001)V. 2 Family Succession LeadershipAccording to HBS (Harvard Business School) professor, D. Quinn Mills (2005), Japanese and other Asian companies are noted to pass down their line of leadership to family members. This is similar to the conduct of some of the largest American companies. However, it is more popular in American business culture that firms are run by professional managers and replaced by another professional manager.In American business culture, better companies generally have advance programs for developing executives within the firm. The next CEO will be chosen among them. There are also American companies who hire external CEOs without any familiarities of the company. This behavior is generally derived from the need to excel in growth or recovery. Despite the fact that several Japanese companies exceeded the Americans in terms of efficiency and profitability, many scholars still beli eve that the Japanese business style is only a stage of development which will finally lead to the American business style.These scholars argued using the leadership succession styles. They mentioned that the family succession culture was once a common practice among US companies. However, it was then replaced by the professional management succession line which is considered the latest piece of the evolutionary line. These scholars mentioned that it is possible that Asian firms will follow this evolutionary path in the future.V. 3 Political ConnectionsIn Japan and other Asian countries, it is more apparent that the success of a company depends to the intensity of its relations to political and social leaders of the environment.Japan and other Asian countries have developed a belief that connections to important people are crucial for the survival of their business. Quite contrast, the CEOs in America often have no direct connections to top politicians. The government only has autho rity at an arm’s length and business affairs are done by business people. Nevertheless, this does not include exceptions where older and powerful American companies take advantage of their political connections to enhance their success. The percentage of these companies is very low compared with Asian companies (Kopp, n. d).VI. Communication PatternsJapanese and Americans share some of their traits in terms of communication. Both of them are superpowers who held high their own culture. Americans and Japanese are known for their lack of knowledge over other languages. Few Americans speak and read foreign language enough to do business with people who do not understand English very well. Similarly, Japanese businessmen tend to be uncomfortable in detailed business discussion using English and English-language documents. Some other traits they share are their lack of experience in dealing with foreign people.Most of them lack the skills necessary to overcome cross-cultural chall enges (Kenna & Sondra, 1994). Japanese and American communication also has significant differences in their communication patterns. American business people tend to be more direct opened and values discussion. The Japanese style is on the other hand, more vague and roundabout. Much of the meaning is stated in nonverbal cues and subtle nuances of toning and wording. Different from Americans who viewed debate and challenging discussion as a positive trait, the Japanese tend to avoid them and viewed them negatively (Kenna & Sondra, 1994).VII ConclusionThe comparative analysis points out to several conclusions. The Japanese business culture is apparently very strong around its people. However, when their business expands to foreign lands, the power of their culture is either reduced, causing the lost of certain competitive advantages, or tightened, causing lack of collaboration to the surrounding environment. One of the reasons of Japanese rapid expansion into the international world is its unique managerial style. Successful Japanese companies have the ability to generate powerful motivation among its employees, thus, increasing corporate profitability, creativity and quality management.In this respect, the Japanese business culture has a significant advantage compare to the American business culture. The American seems to have superior business philosophy compare to the Japanese. Its ‘opened’ communication pattern and the lack of need for political connections and family ties provide high level of flexibility which supported expansion and business evolution. However, the quick decision making processes, the top-down evolution methods, and the impersonal relationship of its employees created a lack of strength in American managerial structure.Because of these, there are more strategies in the American culture that do not reach their goals, and more employees become left behind by the quick evolutionary stages. In this respect, the Japanese culture al so presents a favorable behavior for business evolvement. As a final conclusion, despite the fact that each business culture has their own strengths and weaknesses, this paper reveals a strong agreement that Japanese business culture has a significant advantage over the American business culture.A further study however, needed to be done over each and every aspects mentioned above in order to provide a more detailed explanation of how each culture excels or diminish within those respects.BibliographyCotter, Colleen. 2001. Lonely Planet USA Phrasebook: Understanding Americans and Their Culture Engel, Dean. 2000.Passport USA: Your Pocket Guide to American Business, Customs & Etiquette Fiedler, Fred E. 1965.Engineer the Job to Fit the Manager. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 43 Hersey, Paul. Blanchard, Kenneth H. 1972.Management of Organization Behavior. New Jersey: Prentic- Hall Inc. Kenna, Peggy. Sondra, Lacy. 1994.Business Japan: A Practical Guide to Understanding Japanese Business Cu lture. McGraw-Hill Kopp, Rochelle. N. d. ‘The Rice Paper Ceiling’. ISBN 1-880656-51-5. Stone Bridge Press. Mills, D. Quinn. ‘Asian and American Leadership Styles: How Are They Unique? ’. Harvard Business School. Retrieved June 2, 2006.Available at http://hbswk. hbs. edu/item. jhtml? id=4869&t=leadership Palmeri, Christopher. 2004.‘Is Japanese Style Taking Over the World? ’. Business Week Online. Retrieved June 2, 2006. Available at: http://www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/04_30/b3893091. htm,